Author(s):
Soniya L. Kattyar, Pravin S. Patil, Sachin V. Patil, Satwashila S. Kadam
Email(s):
skattyar@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5675.2022.00012 
Address:
Soniya L. Kattyar1*, Pravin S. Patil1, Sachin V. Patil1, Satwashila S. Kadam2
1Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Pet -Vadgaon, Maharashtra - 416112.
2Womens College of Pharmacy, Pet-Vadgaon, Maharashtra - 416112.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 12,
Issue - 1,
Year - 2022
ABSTRACT:
Novel drug delivery system aims to improve limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. A novel drug delivery approach helps to increase the bioavailability and stability of herbal drugs and phytoconstituients. Phytosomes the term "phyto" refers to the plant, while "some" refers to cell-like. Phytosomes are prepared by treating standardized plant extracts into phospholipids mainly phosphatidylcholine to produce compatible phyto-phospholipid complexes. Phytosome technology mainly enhances the bioavailability, gastrointestinal solubility, and lipid solubility of the compound. For example, Vasicine is a potential bronchodilator and is used for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Due to poor solubility, absorption in GIT decreases which leads to low bioavailability of vaccine. By using the phytosome technology solubility and absorption are enhanced which leads to improved bioavailability of vasicine. The objective of this review is that how vasaka extract, quercetin, and other drugs show to improve its bioavailability by enhancing the solubility and absorption by using phytosomal preparation and to know about recent research and applications of phytosomes.
Cite this article:
Soniya L. Kattyar, Pravin S. Patil, Sachin V. Patil, Satwashila S. Kadam. Phytosomes and Recent research on Phytosomal Drugs. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2022; 12(1):61-9. doi: 10.52711/2231-5675.2022.00012
Cite(Electronic):
Soniya L. Kattyar, Pravin S. Patil, Sachin V. Patil, Satwashila S. Kadam. Phytosomes and Recent research on Phytosomal Drugs. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2022; 12(1):61-9. doi: 10.52711/2231-5675.2022.00012 Available on: https://ajpaonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2022-12-1-12
REFERENCES:
1. Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(5):727-747. doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727
2. Bhagyashree HAP. Phytosome as a Novel Biomedicine: A Microencapsulated Drug Delivery System. J Bioanal Biomed. 2015;07(01):6-12. doi:10.4172/1948-593x.1000116
3. Amit P, Tanwar YS, Rakesh S. Phytosome: Phytolipid Drug Dilivery System for Improving Bioavailability of Herbal Drug. J Pharm Sci Biosci Res. 2013;3(2):51-57.
4. S B. Emerging strategy in delivery of herbal drugs and nutraceuticals. Pharma Times. 2009;41(3):8-12.
5. Priti L, Heen S. An Overview of Phytosomes as an Advanced Herbal Drug Delivery System. 2013;4(2):65-66.
6. Marena C, Lampertico M MJ. Preliminary clinical development of silipide: A new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Planta Med. Published online 1991:124-125.
7. Li J, Wang X, Zhang T, et al. A review on phospholipids and their main applications in drug delivery systems. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2015;10(2):81-98. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2014.09.004
8. Das MK, Kalita B. Design and evaluation of phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes) of Rutin for transdermal application. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2014;4(10):51-57. doi:10.7324/JAPS.2014.40110
9. Sikarwar, M.S., Sharma, S., Jain, A.K. & Parial S. Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Marsupsin–Phospholipid Complex. AAPS PharmSciTech. (9 (1),):129– 137.
10. Saraf S, Kaur C. Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(7):1-11. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.65319
11. Amin T, Bhat S, Vikas Bhat S. A Review on Phytosome Technology as a Novel Approach to Improve The Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Int J Adv Res Technol. 2012;1(May). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232244782
12. Saha S, Sarma A, Saikia P, Chakrabarty T. Phytosome: A Brief Overview Phytosome: A Brief Overview. 2015;2(October):12-20.
13. Sanghi DK, Tiwle R. Herbal Drugs an Emerging Tool for Novel Drug Delivery Systems. 2013;6(September):962-966.
14. Shivanand P, Kinjal P. Phytosomes: Technical revolution in phytomedicine. Int J PharmTech Res. 2010;2(1):627-631.
15. Sharma S. Shalini Sharma. Microscopy. 2010;(5):1-7.
16. Darshan D, Satyaendra S, Shweta K, Gangwal A DP. Phytosome: A novel dosage structure. Pharm Net. Published online 2007:1-0.
17. S. V. Phytosomes: A Short Review. Published online 2017.
18. Rayate Y, Shewale S, Patil A, Nitalikar M, Mohite S. Phytosomes-A Novel Approach in Herbal Drug Delivery System. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2018;8(3):151. doi:10.5958/2231-5659.2018.00027.9
19. Shivhare SC, Malviya KG, Jain V, Negi G. A Review on Liposomes as a Novel Drug Delivery System. 2011;3(5):193-198.
20. Kalepu S, Manthina M, Padavala V. Oral lipid-based drug delivery systems – an overview. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2013;3(6):361-372. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2013.10.001
21. Yeap YY, Trevaskis NL, Porter CJH. Lipid absorption triggers drug supersaturation at the intestinal unstirred water layer and promotes drug absorption from mixed micelles. Pharm Res. 2013;30(12):3045-3058. doi:10.1007/s11095-013-1104-6
22. Thanki K, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT JS. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs: Challenges and opportunities. 170(1):15–40. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.020
23. Stremmel W, Staffer S, Gan-Schreier H, Wannhoff A, Bach M, Gauss A. Phosphatidylcholine passes through lateral tight junctions for paracellular transport to the apical side of the polarized intestinal tumor cell-line CaCo2. Biochim Biophys Acta - Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2016;1861(9):1161-1169. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.019
24. Chaudhary JS, Prajapati SK, Gupta R. Aquasomes; A new approach for delivering therapeutics: An overview. Asian J Pharm. 2018;12(2):S419-S427.
25. Shaikh SN, Raza S, Ansari MA, Khan GJ, Athar SHM. Overview on virosomes as a novel carrier for drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019;8(6-s):429-434. doi:10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2163
26. Shruti Rathor, Pranay Soni DL. Unique Drug Delivery System: Virosomes. Res J Pharm Dos Forms Technol. 2019;11(4):304-308. doi:10.5958/0975-4377.2019.00050.8
27. Gebicki JM, Hicks M. Ufasomes are stable particles surrounded by unsaturated fatty acid membranes. Nature. 1973;243(5404):232-234. doi:10.1038/243232a0
28. Afreen U, A KS. Pharmacosomes and Emulsomes: An Emerging Novel Vesicular Drug Delivery System. Published online 2020:287-297. doi:10.32474/GJAPM.2020.03.000166
29. Shatalebi MA, Mostafavi SA, Moghaddas A. Niosome as a drug carrier for topical delivery of N-acetyl glucosamine. Res Pharm Sci. 2010;5(2):107-117.
30. Desai S V., Joshi B, Upadhyay U. An overview on niosomes as novel drug delivery systems. Res J Pharm Dos Forms Technol. 2020;12(4):271-281. doi:10.5958/0975-4377.2020.00045.2
31. Selvaraju K., Vengadesh Prabhu K. KK, K.S.G. PPJ and AK. Pharmacosomes- An Vesicular Constructs Immense Potential. 2011;3(3):84-86.
32. Anbarasan. Ba, Fatima Grace. Xa SS. an Overview of Cubosomes - Smart Drug Delivery System. Sri Ramachandra J Med. 2015;8(1):1-4. http://www.sriramachandra.edu.in/university/pdf/research/journals/bilateral-synchronous/cubosome.pdf
33. Touitou E, Dayan N, Bergelson L, Godin B, Eliaz M. Ethosomes - Novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: Characterization and skin penetration properties. J Control Release. 2000;65(3):403-418. doi:10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00222-9
34. Saudagar RB, Samuel S. Ethosomes: Novel noninvasive carrier for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Asian J Pharm Technol. 2016;6(2):135. doi:10.5958/2231-5713.2016.00019.2
35. Choubey A. Phytosome - A novel approach for herbal drug delivery. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2(4):807-815.
36. Bombardelli E, Mustich G. Bilobalide Phospholipid Complex their Uses and Formulation Containing them. 1991;(19). https://patents.google.com/patent/US5202313A/en
37. Rathore P, Swami S. Planterosomes: A potential phyto-phospholipid carriers for the bioavailability enhancement of herbal extracts. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012;3(3):737-755. http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L368525490%5Cnhttp://sfx.umd.edu/hs?sid=EMBASE&issn=23205148&id=doi:&atitle=Planterosomes%3A+A+potential+phyto-phospholipid+carriers+for+the+bioavailability+enhancement+of+herbal+ext
38. Singh RP, Parpani S, Narke R, Chavan R. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development PHYTOSOME: RECENT ADVANCE RESEARCH FOR NOVEL DRUG Delivery System. Asian J Pharm Res Dev. 2014;2(3):15-29. www.ajprd.com
39. Rani B, Vandana, Nagpal M, Arora S. Phytosomes: Potential Carriers for Herbal Drugs. Ijrrpas. 2013;(2012 volume.2):566-577.
40. Maryana W, Rahma A, Mudhakir D, Rachmawati H. Phytosome Containing Silymarin for Oral Administration: Formulation and physical evaluation. J Biomimetics, Biomater Biomed Eng. 2015;25(October):54-65. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBBE.25.54
41. Jain S, Dhanotiya C MN. Physicochemical characterization and determination of free radical scavenging activity of rutin-phospholipid complex. . IJPSR. 2012;3(3):909-913.
42. Rasaie S, Ghanbarzadeh S, Mohammadi M, Hamishehkar H. Nano phytosomes of quercetin: A promising formulation for fortification of food products with antioxidants. Pharm Sci. 2014;20(3):96-101.
43. Pratap Singh R, Narke R. Preparation and Evaluation of Phytosome of Lawsone. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(12):5217. doi:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(12).5217-26
44. Dhase AS, Saboo SS. Preparation and evaluation of phytosomes containing methanolic extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos (Bael). Int J PharmTech Res. 2015;8(6):231-240.
45. Singh A, Saharan VA, Singh M, Bhandari A. Phytosome: Drug delivery system for polyphenolic phytoconstituents. Iran J Pharm Sci. 2011;7(4):209-220.
46. Farinacci M, Gaspardo B, Colitti M, Stefanon B. Dietary administration of Curcumin modifies transcriptional profile of genes involved in inflammatory cascade in horse leukocytes. Ital J Anim Sci. 2009;8(SUPPL. 2):84-86. doi:10.4081/ijas.2009. s2.84
47. Kohli K, Ali J, Ansari M J RZ-IJP. Curcumin_ A natural antiinflammatory agent. Ind J Pharmacol. 2005;37(3):141-147. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.16209
48. Di Pierro F, Menghi AB, Barreca A, Lucarelli M, Calandrelli A. GreenSelect® Phytosome as an adjunct to a low-calorie diet for treatment of obesity: A clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14(2):154-160.
49. Kidd PM. Phosphatidylcholine: A superior protectant against liver damage. Altern Med Rev. 1996;1(4):258-274.
50. Naik SR, Pilgaonkar VW, Panda VS. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba phytosomes in rat brain. Phyther Res. 2006;20(11):1013-1016. doi:10.1002/ptr.1976
51. GMM Maghraby E, Williams AC BB. Oestradiol skin delivery from ultradeformable liposomes: refinement of surfactant concentration. Int JPharm;. 196(1):63-74. doi:10.1211/0022357991776813
52. Dayan N TE. Carrier For Skin Delivery of Trihexyphenidyl HCl: Ethosomes v/s Liposomes, Biomaterials. 21:1879-1885. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00063-6
53. Gabetta, B., Zini, G., and Pifferi G. Spectroscopic Studies on IdB 1016, a New Flavanolignan Complex. Planta Med. 55:615-615.
54. Castaneda-gill J. Zetasizer Pro And Zetasizer Ultra Scattering Analysis numerous analytical combinations. Published online 2018:20.
55. Aulton, M.E. & Taylor KM. Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines. Elsevier Health Sciences
56. Semalty A. Cyclodextrin and phospholipid complexation in solubility and dissolution enhancement: A critical and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2014;11(8):1255-1272. doi:10.1517/17425247.2014.916271
57. Shalini S, Kumar RR, Birendra S. Antiproliferative effect of Phytosome complex of Met hanolic extact of Terminalia Arjuna bark on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (MCF-7). Int J Drug Dev Res. 2015;7(1):173-182. http://www.ijddr.in/drug-development/antiproliferative-effect-of-phytosome-complex-of-methanolic-extact-ofterminalia-arjuna-bark-on-human-breast-cancer-cell-lines-mcf7.pdf
58. Haynie DT. Biological Thermodynamics. Biol Thermodyn. Published online 2008. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802690
59. Pande SD, Wagh AS, Bhagure LB, et al. Preparation and Evaluation of Phytosomes of Pomegrane Peels ABSTRACT: 2015;8(April):416-422. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00070.0
60. Selvaraju K, Arulkumaran KSG, Karthick K, Prabhu KV, Preetha JP, Arrivukkarasu R. Phytosomes – An Advanced Herbal Technology. 2011;3(5):191-194.
61. BAIV Berge, VAB Wartzendruber GJ. Development of an optimal protocol for the ultrastructural examination of skin by transmission electron microscopy. JMicros. 1997;187:125-133.
62. Kakarla B, Krishna S, Elumalai A, Eswaraiah MC. Phytosomes - An Overview on Scientific Rebellion in Phytomedicine. 2012;3(December):56-59.
63. Pandita A, Sharma P. Pharmacosomes: An Emerging Novel Vesicular Drug Delivery System for Poorly Soluble Synthetic and Herbal Drugs. ISRN Pharm. 2013;2013(3):1-10. doi:10.1155/2013/348186
64. Tripathy S, Patel DK, Barob L, Naira SK. a Review on Phytosomes, Their Characterization, Advancement & Potential for Transdermal Application. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2013;3(3):147-152. doi:10.22270/jddt.v3i3.508
65. Patani A. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. India: Indian Drug Manufacturing Association; 2002.
66. Soni S, Anandjiwala S, Patel G, Rajani M. Validation of different methods of preparation of Adhatoda vasica leaf juice by quantification of total alkaloids and vasicine. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(1):36-42. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.40329
67. Sundaresan N, Kaliappan I. Development and characterization of a nano-drug delivery system containing vasaka phospholipid complex to improve bioavailability using quality by design approach. Res Pharm Sci. 2021;16(1):103-117. doi:10.4103/1735-5362.305193
68. Abian O, Ortega-Alarcon D, Jimenez-Alesanco A, et al. Structural stability of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and identification of quercetin as an inhibitor by experimental screening. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;164:1693-1703. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.235
69. Riva A, Ronchi M, Petrangolini G, Bosisio S, Allegrini P. Improved Oral Absorption of Quercetin from Quercetin Phytosome®, a New Delivery System Based on Food Grade Lecithin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2019;44(2):169-177. doi:10.1007/s13318-018-0517-3
70. Di Pierro F, Khan A, Bertuccioli A, et al. Quercetin Phytosome® as a potential candidate for managing COVID-19. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2020;10(October):05. doi:10.23736/S1121-421X.20.02771-3
71. Derosa G, Maffioli P, D’Angelo A, Di Pierro F. A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Phyther Res. 2021;35(3):1230-1236. doi:10.1002/ptr.6887
72. Mateus Fiuza Sanha A, Kumar S, Kumar Sharma P. Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of Curcumin-Cholesterol Phytosomal Complex. Int J Curr Res. 2019;11(4):3098-3110. doi:10.24941/ijcr.35029.04.2019
73. Nazeer AA, Veeraiyan S, Vijaykumar SD. Anti-Cancer Potency and Sustained Release of Phytosomal Diallyl Disulfide Containing Methanolic Allium Sativum Extract Against Breast Cancer. Int Res J Pharm. 2017;8(8):34-40. doi:10.7897/2230-8407.088141
74. Tan Q, Liu S, Chen X, et al. Design and evaluation of a novel evodiamine-phospholipid complex for improved oral bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2012;13(2):534-547. doi:10.1208/s12249-012-9772-9
75. Giori A, Franceschi F. Phospholipid Complexes of Olive Fruits or Leaves Extracts Having Improved Bioavailability. Published online 2010:1-4.
76. Fox LT, Mazumder A, Dwivedi A, Gerber M, du Plessis J, Hamman JH. In vitro wound healing and cytotoxic activity of the gel and whole-leaf materials from selected aloe species. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;200(March):1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.017
77. Bombardelli, Patri P. Complexes of saponins with phosphlipids and pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them. Published online 1988.