INTRODUCTION:

Growing best in low-light conditions, Anthurium are handsome exotics with shiny dark green, oblong, heartshaped leaves. The long-lasting, showy flower bracts come in shades of red, rose, pink, and white with a protruding pale yellow, tail-like flower spadix. The flower bracts have a puckered appearance and shine as though they were lacquered. Anthurium will bloom more or less continuously, each plant having four to six flowers during the year. Each flower will last about six weeks on the plant or several weeks when cut and placed in a vase of water^[1][2].

Fig. 1: Flamingo Flower

General Information:^[3]

Scientific name: Anthurium andraeanum

Pronunciation: an-THUR-ee-um an-dree-AY-num

Common name(s): tailflower, flamingo flower

Family: Araceae

Plant type: perennial; herbaceous USDA hardiness zones: 10B through 11

Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year-round

Origin: not native to North America

Invasive potential: not known to be invasive

Most of the commercial or synthetic indicators are more costly than natural indicator and also have some harmful effects like environmental pollution^[4][5][6]. Due to this reasons there is increase in search for alternative indicator take place which is mainly from plant sources. Because this source is easily available, chief, and environment friendly. These natural indicators are used in volumetric analysis for quantitative determination of both inorganic and organic acid interaction with strong and weak acid or bases, this indicators may shows intermediate or end stage of acid base reaction by changing the color of solution^[7]. Change in colour of solution is depend on acidity and basicity of property of solution^[8]. Numbers of acid base titration itself gives the end point by changing the colour of reaction medium^[9][10]. Most of the electron donating and electron accepter substance means weak acid or base acts as pH indicator. Now day automated titrations apparatus are used to determine the equivalent point between two reacting substance but still indicators are used in laboratories for simple titration. Flavanoids present in flowers and fruits are colored and pH sensitive, hence we can use fruit extract in various acid base titration as acid-base indicator. Because pulp of fruit is also pH sensitive due this it gives change in color i.e. pink at acidic condition and greenish in basic condition. Result obtained from titration using flower or fruit extract matches with result obtained from standard indicator. Some organic compounds are responsible for the colours of flowers are anthocyanins, anthraquinonoids, and flavones. Moto behind this study is to increase use of traditional medicine and use of plant pigment as natural indicator instead of synthetic one^[11].

Review of Literature:

Pigments extracted from Acalypha wilkesiana, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis, Allamanda cathartica, rose etc. used as natural indicator most of the authers report that how natural indicators are effective than synthetic one e.g. Helianthus annus, Acalypha wilkesiana, red rose, Beetroot extracts. The extract of above mentioned plant was prepared using alcohol, methanol or water for use as natural indicator.

METHODOLOGY:

Plant materials:

Fresh flowers of Flamingo bicolor are collected from from sangali district region, Maharashtra, India. It was then authenticated at Kusumtai Rajarambapu College Islampur.

Reagents:

To carry out the research work various analytical grade reagents are used e.g. Sodium hydroxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, and phenolphthalein. Which are obtained from department of chemistry Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon? The reagent and solutions are prepares according to procedure given in Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996.

Glass wares:

Calibrated apparatus are used to perform practical work e.g. Burettes, pipettes, beaker, measuring cylinder, funnel etc.

Preparation of flower extract:

20gm of Flamingo flower petals are cut into small pieces then these petals are soaked into ethanol for 24 hrs for extraction of pigment present in flower. Then after 24 hrs solution is filtered to get pure ethanolic extract of Flamingo flower which we can use as natural indicator.

Test for color change:

Measured amount of Flamingo flower extract i.e. 0.1ml is added into 25ml of buffer solutions of pH ranging from 1 to 14. Then this buffer solution is treated with acid or base up to cooler change.

Titrations:

0.1 ml of flower extract was added as indicator in the titration of HCl Vs NaOH, HCl Vs NH₃, CH₃COOH Vs NaOH, and CH₃COOH Vs NH₃ and these titrations repeated for 5 times to get precise results. Same titrations are done using phenolphthalein as indicator then both result obtained from titration using plant extract and titration using phenolphthalein are compared. Result obtained from these titrations is mentioned in the tables 1A to 4B.

The equivalence point of titration by using Flamingo flower extract is very close to equivalence point of titration by using phenolphthalein as indicator in acid-base titrations. But in some cases flower extract shows good result as compared to phenolphthalein with sharp color change in both the directions.

Hence from the study Flamingo flower extract we can realize that, flower extract can act good substitute to phenolphthalein indicator because of simple method of preparation, accurate resultsand good performance.

RESULTS:

Table No. 1A: Titration of HCl against NaOH using Flamingo Flower extract

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	9.0	9.10
2	10	00	9.3
3	10	00	9.1
4	10	00	9.0
5	10	00	9.1

Table No. 1B: Titration of HCl against NaOH using phenolphthalein

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	9.1	9.10
2	10	00	9.1
3	10	00	9.3
4	10	00	9.0
5	10	00	9.0

Table No. 2A: Titration of HCl against NH₃using Flamingo Flower extract

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	10.5	10.16
2	10	00	10.3
3	10	00	10.4
4	10	00	10.9
5	10	00	10.7

Table No. 2B: Titration of HCl against NH3 using phenolphthalein

S. No.	Volm of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Volm of Titrant (ml)Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Volm of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Volm of Titrant (ml)Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	10.5	10.40
2	10	00	10.7
3	10	00	10.5
4	10	00	10.6
5	10	00	10.7

Table No. 3A: Titration of CH₃COOH against NaOHusing Flamingo Flower extract

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	6.0	6.14
2	10	00	6.2
3	10	00	6.3
4	10	00	6.0
5	10	00	6.2

Table No. 3B: Titration of CH₃COOH against NaOH using phenolphthalein

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	6.3	6.14
2	10	00	6.0
3	10	00	6.3
4	10	00	6.1
5	10	00	6.0

Table No. 4A: Titration of CH₃COOH against NH₃using Flamingo Flower extract

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	9.2	9.14
2	10	00	9.3
3	10	00	9.0
4	10	00	9.9
5	10	00	9.3

Table No. 4B: Titration of CH₃COOH against NH₃using phenolphthalein

S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Burette reading		Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
S. No.	Vol^m of acid (ml)	Initial (ml)	Final (ml)	Vol^m of Titrant (ml) Mean =£x/n
1	10	00	9.5	9.54
2	10	00	9.3
3	10	00	9.9
4	10	00	9.5
5	10	00	9.5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Authers are highly Acknowledge to the help and guidance of Dr. M. A. Bhutkar.

REFERENCES:

1. Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen. Anthurium andraeanum Tailflower, Flamingo Flower, IFAS extension, university of Florida.

2. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.

3. http://www.flowersofindia.net/extrapics/Flamingo%20Flower-1.jpg

4. Gavade, Akshata S; Vambhurkar, Ganesh B; Jagtap, Asha M; Kengar, Manohar D; Jagtap, Nisha M; et al. Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences; Raipur Vol. 9, Iss. 1, (Jan-Jun 2018): 4-6.

5. Wadkar KA, Magdum CS and Kondawar MS. Use of Careya arborea Roxb. Leaf Extract as an Indicator in Acid-Base Titrations. Journal: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2008; 1(4): 535-536.

6. Pimpodkar N, Shikalgar S, Shinde N, Bhise S, Surve B. Rhoeo syathacea and Allamanda cathartic extract as a Natural Indicator in Acidometry-Alkalimetry. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2014; 4(2): 82-84.

7. Nair S and Sheetal P. Eco-friendly Indicator from the Leaf Extract of Alternanthera dentate. Journal: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2011; 4(7): 2011.

8. Thote P. Green Chemistry: Study of Acid-Base Indicator Property of Golden Beet Root. International Journal of Research– Granthaalayah. Social Issues and Environmental Problems, 2015; 3(9).

9. Mendham J, Denny R, Barness J, Vogel T. A Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. New Delhi, 2004; 6th Ed: pp. 335-39.

10. Patil SB, Kondawar MS, Ghodke DS, Naikwade NS and Magdum CS. Use of Flower Extracts as an Indicator in Acid-Base Titrations. Journal: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2009; 2(2).

11. Pathade KS, Patil SB, Kondawar MS, Naikwade NS and Magdum CS. Fruit herbal alternative to synthetic acid base indicators. International Journal of Chem Tech Research CODEN (USA) 2009; 1: 549-51.

Received on 10.08.2020 Revised on 07.09.2020

Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2021; 11(1):38-40.

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5675.2021.00007.7