Effect of Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram (PCM - Metallic Drug) on Lipid Profile, Liver Function and Kidney Function Parameters of Rats

 

Dr. P. Muthukumaran1, Dr. V. Hazeena Begum2

1Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Science, DMI St. Eugene University, P. O. Box: 330081, Plot No. B2029/M,

9 Miles, Great North Road, Chibombo, Zambia

2Former Dean and Head, Department of Siddha Medicine, Faculty of Science, Tamil University,

Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail: kumaran.bio14@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram (PCM), a Siddha Herbal preparation which is used for its effect on liver function, kidney function and lipid profile after administrations into the biological system. The existing study was intended at evaluating the Liver, kidney and Lipid profile of Normal and PCM treated in investigational animal model. The experimental animal model was of Male rats. Male rats were divided into Two groups: control rats and Poornachandrodaya chenduram treated Rats. Triglycerides (TG) Total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were decreased in experimental groups whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) were a little increased in male rats. The Total protein and albumin Level of plasma were enhanced very high significantly. In case of bilirubin, the decline was negligible for rats. The serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content in the plasma were diminished very high significantly in the experimental groups. Creatinine, and urea were diminished in male where only change of uric acid level was significant increased. It is confirmed that Metal base drug PCM is a safe and effective drug. It is evident that the trial drug eliminate the toxic substances from the body and enhances the longevity of life.

 

KEYWORDS: PCM, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, SGPT, SGPT and ALP.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Indian alchemy is one of the disciplines in which Parpam, Chedooram and Chunnam were first described as stimulating formulations of metals and minerals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, mercury, and so forth, apparently coupled with organic macromolecules derived from the herbal juices by alchemic processes creation these biologically assimilable1.

 

Minerals are pooled with herbs that aid the assimilation and delivery of the ingredients to the human body2. These herbo mineral medicine are prepared by repeated incineration of metals or their salts (preferably oxides) with medicinal herbs or their extracts so as to abolish their destructive effects and are taken along with honey, milk, butter, or ghee (a preparation from milk)3. Most of the medicines are mixture of compounds and because of its synergistic action; toxicity is being diminished, thereby increasing bioavailability through the cells of the body. Treating the minerals with herbal juices may main to decrease in particulate size even up to nano levels (less than 100nm) enable increased efficiency.

 

Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram (PCM) is a well-known, mercurial preparation with gold and sulphur4 widely used for many ailments like tuberculosis, jaundice, fever, rat bite, cancerous ulcer, sprue and male sterility5. Hibiscus and Aloe juice is auxiliary for titration6. These drugs are ordinarily a mixture of compounds and because of its synergistic action and purification process7 toxicity is being diminished8 thereby increasing bioavailability through the cells of our body9. These drugs are known to be effective even in low concentration10. The phytochemical readings of this drug Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram has revealed to contain flavonoids, phenols and Vitamin C11. But a perfect picture of its toxicokinetics is still doubtful. The existing study was intended at evaluating the Liver, kidney and Lipid profile of Normal and PCC treated ininvestigational animal model.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Selection of animal:

Healthy and pure strain Male Wistar rats, Rattusnorvegicus, ranging from the body weight of 120-150g were procured from the Venkateshwara Enterprises, Bangalore and maintained in the Central Animal House, Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, and Thanjavur. Experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Tamil University, Thanjavur. The animals were maintained on standard diet (Kamadhenu Agencies, Bangalore) and water was given ad libitum.

 

Drug Preparation:

The Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram drug acquired from the SKM Siddha and Ayurvedic Medicine’s India Private Limited, Saminathapuram, mudakurichi, Erode- 638104.  Tamilnadu, India. The drug (Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram) is not soluble in water consequently a suspension of gum acacia is through for oral administration. The 10gm. of gum acacia liquefied in 100ml of distilled water by gradual trituration in a mortar. Then well-organized solution was taken and added Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram at the dose of 3mg/ml/100gm.

 

Experimental design:

After acclimatization, the rats were divided into 2 groups, each having 8 rats.

 

Group I:

Untreated control were received water only.

 

Group II:

Young rats were treated with Poorna Chandrodaya Chenduram (3.0mg/kg body wt. calculated from human dose) with honey for 7 weeks (orally administered).

 

 

 

Blood Samples Collection and Preparation of Plasma:

Blood samples were collected from post vena cava and shifted into heparinized tubes immediately. Blood was then centrifuged at 4,000g for 10 min using bench top centrifuge toremove red blood cells and recover plasma. Plasma samples were detached and were collected usingdry Pasteur pipette and stored in the refrigerator for analyses. All analyses were accomplished within 24 hof sample collection.

 

Determination of Biochemical Parameters:

To evaluate the state of the liver and kidney, biochemical studies elaborate analysis of parameters such as total protein, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirubin, creatinine, and liver enzymes such as the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). For lipid profile study, trirglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined but low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were calculated.

 

Biuret method12 was followed to determine the Total protein and Serum Albumin concentration was determined by using the method of Doumas13. TG, TC and HDL concentration were evaluated according to Friedewald’s formula14. Serum Bilirubin was determined bestowing to the method of Evelyn and Malloy15. The method of Tietz16 was used to define serum creatinine concentration while the serum urea concentration was determined by the method of Kaplan17. Kind and King18 method was employed to determine serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The absorbance of all the tests were determined by spectrophotometer (UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Model No. UV-1601 PC.).

 

Statistical analysis:

Obtained results were recorded from triplicate observations and articulated as mean±SD. The Student’s t test applied to determine the significance of the standard and sample for EC50 values. SPSS 14.0 were used for the statistical and graphical analyses and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 

RESULT:

Liver Function:

Table 1 presents the effect of PCM on serum, serum protein, albumin bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT and ALP in control and experimental group of rats. It shows the slightly increased level of serum total protein, albumin, and level of serum PCM treated rats. The increase level was 35.24% for total protein, 17% for albumin and 48% for bilirubin. But, the SGPT, SGOT and ALP levels were diminished. The decline level was 25% for SGPT, 24% for SGOT and 32% for ALP in serum PCM treated rats when compared to normal rats.

 

Table 1: Effect of oral Administration of Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram (3mg/ kg body weight) on various parameters of liver functions of rats’ plasma

Parameters

Control

PCM Treated

Total protein

7.27±0.45

8.25±0.56**

Albumin

4.25±0.39

5.29±0.45**

Bilirubin

0.13 ± 0.01

0.02 ±0.01***

SGPT

60.27 ± 0.13

55.54 ± 0.12***

SGOT

101.73 ± 0.31

93.75 ± 0.24***

ALP

43.56 ± 0.11

40.12 ± 0.08***

In the tables the statistical data are shown as: * = p<0.05 = Significant, ** = p<0.01 = High Significant, *** = p<0.001 = Very High Significant

 

Table 2: Effect of administration of Poorna Chandrodayam Chendooram (3mg/kg body weight) on various parameters of kidney functions of rats’ plasma

Parameters

Control

PCM Treated

Creatinine

0.95±0.12

0.75 ± 0.02*

Urea

65.86 ± 1.04

47.35 ± 0.20*

Uric acid

2.58 ± 0.06

2.90 ± 0.08*

Values are expressed as mean ±S.D. for six rats. Camparisons were made between group I with II P<0.05 = Significant

 

Kidney Function:

Table 2 represents the effect of PCM on kidney Creatinine, Urea and Uric acid levels in control and Drug treated rats. Creatinine and Urea levels were significantly diminished PCM treatment. The diminution levels were 21% for creatinine and 27% for urea when related to control rats. But the Uric acid levels was significantly improved 12% in PCM treatment.

 

Lipid Profile:

Figure 1 denotes the level of lipid profile in PCM treated rats and Normal control rats. The value of TG, TC and LDL were significantly diminished. The decrease levels were 32.23% for Triglycerides, 27.58% for Cholesterol and 19.29% for Low density lipoprotien in PCM treatment than normal control. But the HDL level was significantly improved. The increase level was 44% in PCM treatment than normal control rat’s serum.

 

 

Figure 1: Effect of Administration of PCM on Lipid Profile in Rats

 

DISCUSSION:

Proteins are chief organic substances essential by an organism in the tissue building, the cellular organelles restorative and also cellular metabolism19. Albumin organizes a major antioxidant resistance against oxidizing mediators20. Bilirubin assessment is constantly sensitive in the finding of hepatic disease21, since bilirubin is a by-product of the breakdown of hemoglobin. The purpose of the pathophysiological enzymes like SGOT and SGPT is a common mean of identifying the liver status. Modifications in SGOT and SGPT values are conveyed in hepatic disease or impairment. SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin are the bio-markers for liver functions22-24. Alkaline phosphatase is a membrane bound enzyme and its inactivation hints to membrane damage of hepatic cells25. Increased Alkaline phosphatase is blamable for intra-and extra-hepatic disease.

 

These proteins are important liver function marker. Bestowing to Naganna26, escalation in bilirubin is representing the abnormal liver function which may be the results of higher synthetic function of the liver. Statistically no significant data of bilirubin, another liver function pointer. This is indicating the normal liver function which is contradictory with the total protein and albumin observation. SGPT, SGOT and ALP content in the plasma, ofrats were decreased very high significantly. Alkaline phosphatase is the marker enzyme for plasma and endoplasmic reticulum27,28 and its decrease specifies the enhanced synthetic activity of the liver. From the toxicological explosion of the serum parameters evidenced the well-being of the drug.The toxicity of gold, mercury and sulphur was completely removed and the potency of the metals was only boosted during the preparation on the drug.The detoxifying property is also endorsed by the Alovevera brobadensis, and Hibiscus extracts additionalthroughout the preparation of the drug,

 

Kidneys are the topmost organs for the excretion of wastes. Besides their excretory function, kidney functions in a noteworthy manner in the maintenance of internal environment of the body. The damaged kidneys cause araised Urea because the kidneys are less able to clear urea from the blood stream. Urea measures the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism in the blood. It is also beneficial to detect the function of kidney tissue. Urea is typically measured to evaluate kidney function29. Creatinine is also used to measure the filtration rate of the kidney. It is the indicators for the function of kidney30. Uric acid is a major provider to total radical trapping capacity (TRAP)31.

 

Creatinine and urea content, major kidney function parameter, in the male plasma was decreased significantly but the content of uric acid were slightly changed in significant manner. This reduced creatinine and urea level might have outcomes from the decreased synthesis or increased functional capacity of tubular excretion32,33. There are significant fluctuations in serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. Yet these values were proving the safety of the drug. There is an increase in uric acid levels which supports to the safety of the drug. Renal function test tributes the safety of the drug. PCM did not accumulate in renal tissues which could be evidently seen by the urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum.

 

Atherogenicity with consequent cardiovascular indicators is one of the major causes of death and morbidity in the world34. The significant lipids whose improvements are implicated in these ailment conditions are cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Lipids are transported as lipid-protein complexes named lipoprotiens, which are classified based on their density and charges. The High-density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) transports lipids out of blood cells to the liver, while the Low Density Lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) mobilizes lipids against the cells and blood vessels. Triacylglycerols have been found to be raised along with total cholesterol advancement. Therefore, raised low-density cholesterol, triacylglycerols and total cholesterol with reduced HDL will improve the development of atherosclerosis and related cerebrovascular disorders35.

 

The plants constituents36 reduced TG level and it could be suggested that PCM increased lipase activity which hydrolyzed TG. Among the lipids, increased blood level of TC and LDL as well as lowered level of HDL has been identified as contributors in the development of hyperlipidemia37 which is the consequences of, in common of the cases, diabetes mellitus38-40. The elevation of lipid components is a risk factor for coronary heart disease41. PCM may act as inhibitor for enzyme such as hydroxyl-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, which is the key enzyme in de novo cholesterol biosynthesis as has been suggested for some plants previously42,43. This reduction could be beneficial in improving lipid metabolism and complications in diabetes44. Abnormalities in serum lipids are associated with diabetes45,46.

 

In conclusion Excitingly, it is seen that PCM has steady diminished levels of Urea, Creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, ALP levels which expose that fact that this drug may also be beneficial treatment of hepatic disorders and renal diseases. The myth that heavy metal cause toxicity is broken out in this study when the drug is properly prepared and given safe dosage during the duration of treatment. It is confirmed that Metal base drug PCM is a safe and effective drug. It is evident that the trial drug eliminate the toxic substances from the body and enhances the longevity of life. The findings of the present study suggested that PCM could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that would have great importance as therapeutic agents in preventing degenerative diseases.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None

 

SOURCES OF FUNDING:

None

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Authors are sincerely thankful to Dr. V. Hazeena Begum M.Sc., Ph.D., Former Professor and Head. Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur for their contribution and facilitiesprovided regarding our work.

 

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Received on 11.11.2019       Modified on 30.12.2019

Accepted on 21.01.2020      ©Asian Pharma Press All Right Reserved

Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2020; 10(1):27-31.

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5675.2020.00006.X